craigslist

Craigslist is a centralized network of online urban communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics.

It was founded in 1995 by Craig Newmark for the San Francisco Bay Area. After incorporation in 1999, Craigslist expanded into nine more cities in 2000 (all of them in the U.S.), four each in 2001 and 2002, and 14 in 2003. As of June 2006, Craigslist had established itself in approximately 310 cities all over the world.

As of 2006, Craigslist operates with a staff of 22 people. [1] Its sole source of revenue is paid job ads in select cities ($75 per ad for the San Francisco Bay Area; $25 per ad for New York and Los Angeles), and paid broker apartment listings in New York City ($10 per ad).

It serves over 4 billion page views per month, putting it in 30th place overall among Internet companies world wide, 7th place overall among Internet companies in the United States (per Alexa.com on July 8, 2006), to 10 million unique visitors. With over 10 million new classified ads each month, Craigslist is the leading classifieds service in any medium. The site receives over 500,000 new job listings each month, making it one of the top job boards in the world. [2] The classified advertisements range from traditional buy/sell ads and community announcements, to personal ads and even "erotic services".

Although the company does not disclose financial information, journalists have speculated that its annual revenue approached $10 million in 2004.

Background

Having observed people (on the Net, The WELL, and Usenet) helping one another in a friendly, social and trusting community way, Craigslist founder Craig Newmark decided to create something similar for local San Francisco events. Soon word-of-mouth and popular demand led to the addition of new categories, and "the list" became large enough to demand the use of a list server (majordomo), which required a name. Friends started calling it "Craig's List", and the name stuck. Craigslist was once renamed listfoundation.org for a brief period in 1999.

Newmark says that Craigslist works because it gives people a voice, a sense of community trust and even intimacy. Other factors he cites are consistency of down-to-earth values, customer service and simplicity. After first being approached about running banner ads, Newmark decided to keep Craigslist non-commercial. In 2002, Craigslist staff posted mock-banner ads throughout the site as an April Fools joke. [3]

Significant events

In January 2000, current CEO Jim Buckmaster joined the company as lead programmer and CTO. Buckmaster contributed the site's multi-city architecture, search engine, discussion forums, flagging system, self-posting process, homepage design, personals categories, and best-of-Craigslist feature. He was promoted to CEO in November 2000. [4]

In 2002, a disclaimer was put on the "men seeking men", "casual encounters", "erotic services", and "rants and raves" boards to ensure that those who clicked on these sections were over the age of 18. No disclaimer is on the "men seeking women," "women seeking men" or "women seeking women" boards. Responding to charges of discrimination and negative stereotyping, Buckmaster explained that the company's policy is a response to user feedback requesting the warning on the more sexually explicit sections, including "men seeking men" [5].

In 2003 Michael Ferris Gibson filmed the documentary 24 Hours on Craigslist.

On August 1, 2004, Craigslist began charging $25 to post job openings on the New York and Los Angeles pages. On the same day, a new section was added called "Gigs", where low-cost and unpaid jobs and internships can be posted for free.

On August 13, 2004, Newmark announced on his blog that auction giant eBay had purchased a 25% stake in the company from a former principal. Some fans of Craigslist have expressed concern that this development will affect the site's longtime non-commercial nature, but it remains to be seen what ramifications the change will actually have.

In July 2005, Craigslist won the right to beam over 2 million classified ads into deep space (one light year away) in the near future after Buckmaster won an eBay auction for broadcasting time from the company Deep Space Communications Network. Newmark said, "We believe there could be an infinite market opportunity" in space. [6]

Controversies

In July 2005, the San Francisco Chronicle castigated Craigslist for allowing ads from dog breeders, and thereby allegedly encouraging the overbreeding and irresponsible selling of pit bulls in the Bay Area. [7]

In 2005, Craigslist received its share of controversy for not removing listings for the sale of Live 8 tickets on its websites. [8][9]

In 2006, Craigslist started to charge a $10 fee for brokers posting rental apartment listings in New York City in order to curtail overposting and bait and switch practices.

In January, 2006, the San Francisco Bay Guardian published an editorial criticizing Craigslist for moving into local communities and "threatening to eviscerate" local alternative newspapers. Craigslist has been compared to Wal-Mart, a huge national organization which enters a community offering to provide arguably cheaper services, but which wipes out local companies in doing so[10].

In February 2006, Craigslist was sued by the Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law for allegedly allowing users to post discriminatory housing ads in Chicago that violate the Fair Housing Act. [11]

On September 8th, 2006 several sites [12] reported that Craigslist's "Casual Encounters" forums in several cities had been compromised by individuals, including a business owner/web developer named Jason Fortuny who placed advertisements under false pretenses and subsequently posted identifying information including the names, email addresses, correspondence, and photos of duped persons on Encyclopædia Dramatica [13].

Prostitution crackdown

Prostitution crackdowns have resulted in dozens of arrests, sometimes in massive stings, of Craigslist users suspected of posting dubious ads, including the exchange of sexual favors. Craigslist cooperates with law enforcement, however they have stated many times that they cannot and will not police the site, referring to their policy of allowing users to flag offending posts. [14]

Nonprofit foundation

In 2001, the company started the Craigslist Foundation, a § 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that helps emerging nonprofit organizations get established, gain visibility, attract the attention of potential donors, and develop the skills and knowledge required for long-term success.

It accepts charitable donations, and rather than directly funding organizations, it produces face-to-face events and offers online resources to help grassroots organizations get off the ground and contribute real value to the community.

List of cities

The first ten city sites were: [15]

• March 1995: San Francisco Bay Area
• June 2000: Boston
• August 2000: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, San Diego, Seattle, Washington, D.C.
• October 2000: Sacramento

The list of U.S. locations as of July 2006 include:

• Alabama ^{(Birmingham) (Huntsville) (Mobile) (Montgomery)}
• Alaska
• Arizona ^{(Flagstaff/Sedona) (Phoenix) (Tucson)}
• Arkansas ^{(Fayetteville) (Little Rock)}
• California ^{(Bakersfield) (Chico) (Fresno) (Humboldt County) (Inland Empire) (Los Angeles) (Merced) (Modesto) (Monterey Bay) (Orange County) (Palm Springs) (Redding) (Sacramento) (San Diego) (San Francisco Bay Area) (San Luis Obispo) (Santa Barbara) (Stockton) (Ventura County)}
• Colorado ^{(Colorado Springs) (Denver/Boulder) (Fort Collins) (Pueblo) (Rocky Mountains)}
• Connecticut ^{(Hartford) (New Haven) (New London)}
• Delaware
• District of Columbia ^{(Northern Virginia) (Maryland)}
• Florida ^{(Daytona Beach) (Fort Lauderdale) (Fort Myers) (Gainesville) (Jacksonville) (Miami) (Orlando) (Pensacola) (Sarasota) (Tallahassee) (Tampa Bay) (West Palm Beach)}
• Georgia ^{(Athens) (Atlanta) (Augusta) (Macon) (Savannah)}
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois ^{(Champaign-Urbana) (Chicago) (Peoria) (Rockford) (Springfield)}
• Indiana ^{(Bloomington) (Evansville) (Fort Wayne) (Indianapolis) (South Bend)}
• Iowa ^{(Des Moines) (Quad Cities)}
• Kansas ^{(Topeka) (Wichita)}
• Kentucky ^{(Lexington) (Louisville)}
• Louisiana ^{(Baton Rouge) (Lafayette) (Lake Charles) (New Orleans) (Shreveport)}
• Maine
• Maryland ^(Baltimore)
• Massachusetts ^{(Boston) (Cape Cod) (Western Massachusetts) (Worcester)}
• Michigan ^{(Ann Arbor) (Detroit) (Flint) (Grand Rapids) (Kalamazoo) (Lansing) (Northern Michigan) (Saginaw/Midland/Bay City) (Upper Peninsula)}
• Minnesota ^{(Duluth) (Minneapolis/St. Paul) (Rochester)}
• Mississippi ^{(Gulfport/Biloxi) (Jackson)}
• Missouri ^{(Columbia) (Kansas City) (Springfield) (St. Louis)}
• Montana
• Nebraska ^{(Lincoln) (Omaha)}
• Nevada ^{(Las Vegas) (Reno/Tahoe)}
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey ^{(New Jersey) (South Jersey)}
• New Mexico ^{(Albuquerque) (Santa Fe/Taos)}
• New York ^{(Albany) (Binghamton) (Buffalo) (Hudson Valley) (Ithaca) (Long Island) (New York City) (Rochester) (Syracuse) (Utica)}
• North Carolina ^{(Asheville) (Charlotte) (Fayetteville) (Greensboro) (Raleigh-Durham) (Wilmington) (Winston-Salem)}
• North Dakota
• Ohio ^{(Akron/Canton) (Cincinnati) (Cleveland) (Columbus) (Dayton) (Toledo) (Youngstown)}
• Oklahoma ^{(Oklahoma City) (Tulsa)}
• Oregon ^{(Bend) (Eugene) (Medford/Ashland/Klamath) (Portland) (Salem)}
• Pennsylvania ^{(Erie) (Harrisburg) (Lancaster) (Lehigh Valley) (Penn State) (Philadelphia) (Pittsburgh) (Reading) (Scranton/Wilkes-Barre)}
• Puerto Rico
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina ^{(Charleston) (Columbia) (Greenville) (Myrtle Beach)}
• South Dakota
• Tennessee ^{(Chattanooga) (Knoxville) (Memphis) (Nashville)}
• Texas ^{(Amarillo) (Austin) (Beaumont/Port Arthur) (Brownsville) (Corpus Christi) (Dallas/Fort Worth) (El Paso) (Houston) (Laredo) (Lubbock) (McAllen/Edinburg) (Odessa/Midland) (San Antonio) (Tyler/East Texas) (Waco)}
• Utah ^{(Provo/Orem) (Salt Lake City)}
• Vermont
• Virginia ^{(Blacksburg) (Charlottesville) (Hampton Roads) (Richmond) (Roanoke)}
• Washington ^{(Bellingham) (Seattle/Tacoma) (Spokane) (Yakima)}
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin ^{(Appleton/Oshkosh) (Eau Claire) (Green Bay) (Madison) (Milwaukee)}
• Wyoming

Non-US locations as of July 2006 include:

• Argentina ^{(Buenos Aires)}
• Australia ^{(Adelaide) (Brisbane) (Melbourne) (Perth) (Sydney)}
• Austria ^(Vienna)
• Bangladesh
• Belgium ^(Brussels)
• Brazil ^{(Rio De Janeiro) (São Paulo)}
• Canada ^{(Calgary) (Edmonton) (Halifax) (Hamilton) (Kitchener) (London, Ontario) (Montreal) (Newfoundland) (Ottawa) (Prince Edward Island) (Quebec City) (Saskatoon) (Toronto) (Vancouver) (Victoria) (Windsor) (Winnipeg)}
• Caribbean
• Chile ^(Santiago)
• China ^{(Beijing) (Hong Kong) (Shanghai)}
• Costa Rica
• Czech Republic ^(Prague)
• Denmark ^(Copenhagen)
• Egypt ^(Cairo)
• Finland ^(Helsinki)
• France ^{(Côte d'Azur) (Lyon) (Marseilles) (Paris)}
• Germany ^{(Berlin) (Cologne) (Frankfurt) (Hamburg) (Munich)}
• Great Britain ^{(redirects to United Kingdom)}
• Greece ^(Athens)
• Hungary ^(Budapest)
• India ^{(Bangalore) (Chennai) (Delhi) (Hyderabad) (Kolkata) (Mumbai) (Pune)}
• Indonesia ^(Jakarta)
• Ireland ^(Dublin)
• Israel ^{(Jerusalem) (Tel Aviv)}
• Italy ^{(Florence) (Milan) (Naples) (Rome) (Sicily) (Venice)}
• Japan ^{(Osaka) (Tokyo)}
• Korea ^(Seoul)
• Lebanon ^(Beirut)
• Malaysia
• Mexico ^{(Mexico City) (Tijuana)}
• Micronesia ^(Guam)
• Netherlands ^(Amsterdam)
• New Zealand ^{(Auckland) (Christchurch) (Wellington)}
• Norway ^(Oslo)
• Pakistan
• Panama, Peru ^(Lima)
• Philippines ^(Manila)
• Poland ^(Warsaw)
• Portugal
• Russia ^{(Moscow) (St. Petersburg)}
• Singapore
• South Africa ^{(Cape Town) (Durban) (Johannesburg)}
• Spain ^{(Barcelona) (Madrid)}
• Sweden ^(Stockholm)
• Switzerland ^{(Geneva) (Zurich)}
• Taiwan ^(Taipei)
• Thailand ^(Bangkok)
• Turkey ^(Istanbul)
• United Kingdom ^{(Aberdeen) (Belfast) (Birmingham) (Bristol) (Cambridge) (Cardiff) (Edinburgh) (Glasgow) (Leeds) (Liverpool) (London) (Manchester) (Newcastle) (Oxford)}
• Venezuela
• Vietnam

See also

• Glocalization
• Social software

External links

Official sites

• Craigslist homepage
• Craigslist founder's blog
• Craigslist Foundation

News and media

• Zen and the Art of Classified Advertising, WSJ Interview with Jim Buckmaster, craigslist CEO
• Interview with Craig Newmark, Craigslist founder
• Craig Newmark, Craigslist founder on the Tavis Smiley show
• Craigslist in the news
• List in Space: Calling the Cosmos Gets Commercial, a March 2005 article about classifieds from Craigslist
• Study: Craigslist Costs Bay Area Papers $50M in lost Ad Revenue, a December 2004 article from the Editor & Publisher website
• Craigslist and Craigslist Foundation, an October 2001 article from the San Francisco Art Magazine website