metallica

With 57 million albums sold in the United States alone ^[1] and over 35 million albums sold outside the U.S. ^[2][3], the band has sold just over 90 million albums, making them one of the most commercially successful heavy metal acts in history. Metallica is currently 18th on the RIAA's list of top selling acts in the United States.

After building a loyal following by helping to develop modern heavy metal, especially thrash metal (Metallica is the most successful of the "big four" of thrash metal, which include Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax) in the mid-1980s, the band broadened its audience in the early 1990s.

In 2003 Metallica released their long-delayed 8th studio album, entitled St. Anger. Although the album polarized critical and popular opinion, their 2004 Madly in Anger with the World supporting tour was a success^[4].

History

The early days (1981-1985)

Metallica was formed in Downey, California, in 1981 by Lars Ulrich and James Hetfield after they each placed classified advertisements in the publication The Recycler. Hetfield, who had been influenced by the New Wave of British Heavy Metal or NWOBHM, tried to start his own band before contacting Ulrich but was unsuccessful. Bassist Ron McGovney was an original member, and the band used a few transient guitar players, such as Brad Parker and Jeff Warner. At their first session, in Lars Ulrich's garage, there were only three members, Ulrich, Hetfield, and Lloyd Grant, but McGovney joined a few days later.

Metallica got its name when San Francisco-area metal promoter Ron Quintana asked Ulrich to help pick out a name for his new magazine to promote metal and NWOBHM bands. Quintana came up with a list that included "Metallica," but Lars suggested "Metal Mania" and used "Metallica" for the band he and Hetfield had just started.

In early 1982, Metallica recorded "Hit the Lights" for the first Metal Massacre compilation. Desperate for a full time lead guitarist, Ulrich posted an advert in a local newspaper. Dave Mustaine from Huntington Beach, California, from the band Panic responded and met for an audition. Ulrich and Hetfield were so impressed with Mustaine's warm-up and equipment, they asked him to join before the audition began.

A few months later the band recorded a full demo, No Life 'Til Leather, which quickly drew attention on the underground tape trading circuit. After conflicts with Mustaine, McGovney left the band and was replaced by Cliff Burton from Castro Valley, California. Burton was lured from his band Trauma with the proviso Metallica relocated to the San Francisco area.

When the group arrived in El Cerrito, California, live performances and word-of-mouth enabled it to quickly build a healthy following in the Bay Area Thrash Scene. Metallica then travelled to Rochester, New York in 1983 at the urging of local promoters Jon and Marsha Zazula, and after a few gigs the band signed with the Zazulas' new label, Megaforce Records. Shortly after arriving in New York, Ulrich and Hetfield decided that Mustaine's aggressive and disruptive behaviour (relating to his extensive alcohol and drug problems) was becoming too much to handle. Mustaine was asked to leave the band, and Kirk Hammett was drafted from Exodus to replace him. A former pupil of Joe Satriani, Hammett brought to the band his own unique style. This would become more apparent after Ride the Lightning, the first album to feature Hammett's songwriting. Mustaine would go on to create the hugely-successful Megadeth.

Metallica released its first album, Kill 'Em All, in 1983 on Megaforce Records. The album set the template that they would follow throughout the 1980s, featuring Hetfield's heavy vocals and aggressive rhythm guitar. Kill 'Em All did not have huge initial sales, but it did consolidate their loyal fan base in the growing underground metal scene. A year later, Metallica released their second 'Megaforce' album, Ride the Lightning, adding complexity and further melodic flair to the thrash metal of their debut. Longer songs showcased lyrical and musical growth, like "Fade to Black", a slower, more introspective song that some thought reflected the thoughts of someone contemplating suicide. The song in fact was written after the band's equipment was stolen (most notably a Marshall amplifier, leading James Hetfield to search multiple continents to find one with the same sound). The inclusion of slower, introspective songs with clean or acoustic guitar distinguished Metallica from most other thrash or heavy metal bands. Some tracks on Ride The Lightning contain riffs brought by Kirk Hammett from Exodus songs; "Trapped Under Ice" is reminiscent of Exodus' "Impaler".

Metallica was inspired by bands such as Motörhead, Diamond Head (declaring in the sleeve notes of 1998's Garage Inc. that "two heads were better than one"), Saxon and other NWOBHM bands. They also took inspiration from hardcore punk bands like the Misfits and Discharge. By putting all these elements together, Metallica was determined to break the grip of soft metal on heavy metal fans^{citation needed]}.

Mainstream success (1986-1994)

After signing a major label deal with Elektra Records in 1984, Metallica released a new album entitled Master of Puppets on February 21, 1986. Many fans regard the album as the band's finest work, and some consider it to be the greatest heavy metal album of all time^[5]. Despite the fact that no singles were released for the album, the band received some minor airplay from album tracks "Master of Puppets" and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)". The supporting Damage Inc. Tour, opening for Ozzy Osbourne, was very successful, and the album charted at number 29 on the Billboard Top Album Charts.

On September 27, 1986, during a European leg of shows, bassist Cliff Burton died near Ljungby, Sweden when Metallica's tour bus skidded off an icy road and flipped over^[6]. Burton was thrown out of the window, and the bus landed on top of him. It is uncertain if Burton was dead at this point or not. A winch that was lifting the bus off of him snapped, causing the bus to crush him a second time. It is said that Hetfield repeatedly yelled at the bus driver, asking him where the patch of ice was.

Cliff's death left the band's future in doubt. The three remaining members knew Cliff would want them to carry on, and with the Burton family's blessings the band decided to seek a replacement and began auditions almost immediately. Among the most promising of the auditioneers was a young Les Claypool, a childhood friend of Hammett's. The band liked Claypool but felt that his style was "too funky".^{citation needed]} In the band's Behind the Music episode, Hetfield explains that he (Claypool) was too good (as well as too "out there") for Metallica (he had suggested "jamming to some Isley Brothers"), to which the latter responds, "They never returned my calls. I weeped; weeped like a little girl." Claypool would go on to form the band Primus after playing in other Bay Area thrash metal bands like Blind Illusion with the ex-Possessed's Larry Lalonde (who would later play with him in Primus).

Three weeks after Burton's funeral, Jason Newsted, formerly of Flotsam and Jetsam officially joined Metallica on October 28, 1986. With Newsted, the band finished the Damage, Inc. Tour in the early months of 1987. The transition from Burton to Newsted was anything but smooth: the band delighted in subjecting Newsted to months of hazing, simply to test the limits of the new member's patience, treatment that became legendary in Metallica's history^{verification needed]} . Tour expenses were often charged to Newsted's hotel rooms on the road, he was tricked into swallowing a significant amount of wasabi in a sushi restaurant, and he was often denied limo transportation with the rest of the band.^{verification needed]}

Following the tour, the band quickly recorded The $5.98 EP: Garage Days Re-Revisited in July 1987 as a way to test a new studio they had constructed (according to the EP's liner notes) and to test the talents of Newsted. This EP continued Metallica's fascination with covering songs by relatively obscure (to American audiences) British metal and hardcore bands.

In 1988 the band recorded ...And Justice for All. Featuring some of the band's most structurally complex music, it was the first studio album of new material released following the death of Cliff Burton. Very little of Newsted's bass is audible on the album. Some have speculated that this was done intentionally by the original members of the band as a reaction to Burton's death (or perhaps as a way of further hazing Newsted). The most likely reason, as mentioned by Hetfield and Ulrich in subsequent interviews^{citation needed]}, was that because Newsted wasn't at the mixing sessions, he wasn't able to affect the final mixing process. Ulrich has also stated^{citation needed]} the lack of perceived bass resulted from Newsted exclusively mirroring Hetfield's rhythm tracks.

Although the song-writing was praised, the production of this album was heavily criticized^{citation needed]} as Lars Ulrich's drums clicked more than thudded and the guitars had a thin sound. The Damaged Justice tour followed. However, over time, because of the complexity and length of the songs, the band would later cease to play most of them live (though several songs, most notably "One", would remain a constant in the group's live performances).

In 1989, Metallica received its first Grammy nomination for the album ...And Justice for All for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance Vocal or Instrument. However, in one of the most misunderstood Grammy decisions to date, the award was given to Jethro Tull for the album Crest of a Knave. The result generated much controversy, as Metallica was widely expected to take home the award, and was standing off-stage waiting to receive it after performing the song "One" for the telecast. Lars Ulrich even referenced the snub in accepting a Grammy for "One" the following year, stating, "We gotta thank Jethro Tull for not putting out an album this year."

The album also contained their last instrumental to date, "To Live Is To Die", which was a sort of tribute to Cliff Burton because it contained some of Burton's unused riffs and a poem he had written that was read by Hetfield.

It was during this time the band embraced the mainstream music world with their first ever music video. Ironically, they would choose the song "One", a song based upon the controversial World War I-themed anti-war novel "Johnny Got His Gun", written by Dalton Trumbo.

For the video, the band performed the song in an abandoned warehouse. The performance was then extensively "remixed" with footage of the film version of Johnny Got His Gun. The end result featured a coherent but shortened "mini-movie" version of "Johnny Got His Gun", with an intricate level of synchronization between the song and the film's dialogue, creating a singular narrative between the two.

The "remix" video was submitted to MTV, with the alternate "performance only" version held back in the event that MTV would ban the remix version. MTV accepted the remix version and despite its length (the video ran for nearly ten minutes) put the video in heavy rotation. The video would be many viewers first exposure to Metallica and was voted the #25 in the fall of 1999, when MTV aired its last "Top 100 Videos of All Time" countdown, and was prominently featured during MTV's 25th Anniversary edition of "ADD Video", which showcased the top videos to air on MTV in the last 25 years.

In 1991, the self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album by fans) saw the band reaching out to a wider audience. The record was co-produced with Bob Rock, whose resume included work with hard rock acts The Cult, Bon Jovi, Mötley Crüe, and many others. The album featured a black cover that evoked humorous comparisons to Spinal Tap. The majority of the making of the Metallica album and the following tour was documented in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica. The recording sessions were a long and arduous process, lasting over a year due to infighting among the band's members and endless arguments with Rock about the album's direction, scope, and sound. The cost of recording the album was reputed to be over $1 million. However, despite the battle to finish the album, it quickly became the band's most successful release, debuting at number one on the Billboard charts and going platinum within weeks.

The Black Album is also tied for the 26th spot of highest selling album of all time in USA. In 2005 after 14 years of its release the album was still #11 on the Top Pop Catalog Chart. It has been on the charts for well over 700 weeks.

The album featured the hit "Enter Sandman", which exemplified the radically pared-down style of songwriting across the album; it became one of Metallica's best-known songs and has been used extensively at sporting events. Another hit was "Nothing Else Matters", a more plaintive, acoustic ballad that outraged some fans but secured the album as a massive crossover hit and brought Metallica firmly into the mainstream. The intro to the track "Don't Tread on Me" pastiches Leonard Bernstein's "America" from the musical "West Side Story".

This album had been preceded by a cover of Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy" which was contributed to Rubáiyat, a compilation album commemorating Elektra's 40th anniversary, and which Hetfield, together with Queen's remaining band members, performed live at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. Metallica also played a set at the concert.

Charges of selling out would be aimed at Metallica throughout the 1990s, to which the band often joked that they did indeed sell out — each and every date of the tour. Indeed, the Wherever We May Roam Tour following The Black Album was especially successful and eventful. Many dates were held with no opening act, instead showing an introductory film that included unused interview footage from A Year and a Half..., and other footage of band members' antics backstage. The best-known incident during this tour was a pyrotechnics accident in 1992 in Montreal while Metallica was performing a series of joint shows with Guns N' Roses. Hetfield suffered severe second and third degree burns to his left arm during the opening of "Fade To Black", leaving him unable to play guitar for a portion of the tour (former Metallica roadie and Metal Church guitarist John Marshall filled in while Hetfield continued to sing). The Guns N' Roses set was also cut short when lead singer Axl Rose left the stage claiming he was unhappy with the sound. After two setlists cut short, fans grew angry and a riot ensued^[7].

The Load era (1995-1999)

After almost three years of touring to support The Black Album, during which time the trek was relabelled the Nowhere Else to Roam Tour, Metallica took a respite until late 1995. On December 13, they recorded during their rehearsal for Lemmy's 50th birthday party; four Motörhead covers were later released as a two-part limited edition CD single. The band spent around a year writing and recording new songs, resulting in Load (1996). At one point during early production, Load was intended to be a double album. Ultimately, it was decided that it would be best to release half of the songs first, and continue to work on the remaining songs and release them the following year. This resulted in the follow up album ReLoad (1997). Some songs written during Load were changed by the time they were recorded for ReLoad; in particular, "Fuel" had different lyrics than the version played during the Load Tour, as evidenced by the version played on the Cunning Stunts concert film (the song was then-titled "Fuel for Fire").

These albums represented a significant musical change for Metallica. The band's breakneck metal tempos and layered guitar compositions had largely been replaced by bluesy guitar tones, slide guitar and shuffle rhythms. Hetfield's vocals took a larger role than ever before, and several songs (such as "Mama Said" and "Low Man's Lyric"), and showed the band's willingness to experiment with varied sounds and instruments. These changes included the use of the steel guitar (commonly used in country music) in "Mama Said" (this is not supported by Kirk Hammett, who in a Guitar Player interview claimed it's not pedal steel guitar on "Load", but an electric guitar processed to emulate one), as well as the use of the hurdy-gurdy and violin in "Low Man's Lyric".

Many of the changes on Load and ReLoad had been anticipated by earlier experiments (especially on The Black Album), but listeners generally regard the two albums as the band's turning point. Sales were lower than sales of the previous three albums. Many songs from Load and ReLoad received extensive radio play, including "Until It Sleeps", "Hero of the Day", "King Nothing", "The Memory Remains", "The Unforgiven II", and "Fuel".

Hetfield noted later in the documentary film Some Kind of Monster that many songs on these two albums were initially thought by the band to be of only average quality, and polished and re-worked repeatedly until judged to be releasable.

By 1996, all of the band members had cut their hair (although Hammett eventually regrew most of his), which was ridiculed by many, including band friends Alice in Chains, whose edition of MTV's Unplugged featured, on Mike Inez's bass, the words "friends don't let friends get Friends haircuts." Metallica were in the audience for the taping of the show.

In 1998 Metallica compiled a double CD called Garage Inc.. The first CD contained newly recorded covers, ranging from obvious Metallica influences such as The Misfits, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate and Black Sabbath to more unexpected choices like Nick Cave and Bob Seger (the band's cover of Seger's "Turn the Page" garnered extensive radio airplay). The second CD gathered together previously released covers, including the original The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which had become a scarce collectors' item. The CD also included B-side covers going as far back as 1984.

On March 7, 1999, Metallica were inducted into the San Francisco Walk of Fame. The mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown, proclaimed the day "Official Metallica Day" in San Francisco. A month later, on April 21-22, 1999, Metallica recorded two performances with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, then conducted by Michael Kamen. Kamen, who had previously worked with Bob Rock on "Nothing Else Matters", approached the band with the idea of pairing Metallica's music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff composed additional orchestral material for a number of Metallica songs and the concerts featured broad selection of songs dating as far back as Ride the Lightning. Metallica also wrote two brand-new Kamen-scored songs for the event, "No Leaf Clover" and "−Human." The audio recording and concert footage were released later that year as the album/concert film S&M, in November 1999, on CD, VHS, VCD, and DVD.

Napster controversy (2000-2001)

In 2000, Metallica discovered that a demo of their song "I Disappear" was being distributed via the Napster P2P file-sharing network. Not only was the song unfinished, it was supposed to be released in combination with the Mission: Impossible II soundtrack.

They soon discovered that in addition to the demo, their entire catalogue was also freely available. The band initiated legal action against Napster and, in the process, demanded that 300,000 Napster users found to be trading Metallica songs be banned from the network. Legal actions were also started against Yale University, University of Southern California, and Indiana University for not blocking Napster from their campuses. In 2001, Metallica and Napster agreed to an out-of-court settlement which led to many Napster user accounts being locked out. The band did not take legal action against any individuals for copyright infringement. Lars Ulrich provided a statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee regarding copyright infringement on July 11, 2000.

The lawsuit created a public relations nightmare. Throughout the controversy, many websites hosted cartoon parodies of band members, portraying them as selfish rock stars who were out of touch with their fans. The most popular of these was a cartoon parody entitled Napster Bad!, by Camp Chaos, which spawned an entire series. Some critics mocked Ulrich by spelling his name as "Lar$". In retaliation to the controversy, Ulrich appeared during the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, in a skit with that years host Marlon Wayans, that blasted against fans' idea of using Napster to share music. Marlon was featured as a college student listening to Metallica's "I Disappear" (ironically to the idea that the demo version was being downloaded on Napster, and to the fact that it was Metallica's current big playing single on radio and MTV), and Lars walking in and from receiving Wayans' sharing excuse, interpreted the idea of sharing by being able to borrow anything that was yours without asking, can also be coined to the point of anything and Metallica roadcrew entered into the dorm room and confiscated everything, while slapping a Napster sticker onto everything, leaving Wayans with an empty room, and even clothless. Napster creator Shawn Fanning would respond by presenting an award wearing a Metallica shirt, saying "I borrowed this shirt from a friend. Maybe, if I like it, I'll buy one of my own," to mock the controversy Ulrich and co. had ensued upon. Public ridicule was widespread as many longtime fans felt Metallica had got their start via underground trading of bootleg recordings of their performances^{citation needed]}. Metallica's defense was that Napster was allowing free access to their back catalogue and not live bootleg recordings which the band had always encouraged. The fan backlash would not be the only setback the band would experience that year.

Metallica, like a number of other bands, refused to sell their music on iTunes for a number of years. They finally ended this holdout on Tuesday, July 25, 2006, although only in the US and Canada^[8].

Newsted's Departure (2001-2003)

As plans were being made to go into the recording studio in 2001, Jason Newsted left the band, ostensibly due to "the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love." However, subsequent interviews with Newsted and the remaining members revealed that Newsted's desire to release a CD and tour with his Echobrain side-project – and Hetfield's intense resistance to such an idea – was the primary cause of Newsted's departure, as Hetfield believed a release by an individual band member would somehow weaken the band. The 2004 documentary Some Kind of Monster provided more insight into the reasons for Newsted's departure. In the film he says he felt Metallica's desire to hire a therapist to help solve the problems between the band members was "fucking lame and weak".

This would be the first in a series of low-points the band would endure. In July, 2001, Hetfield entered rehab due to "alcoholism and other addictions". For nearly a year, Metallica ceased to function in any meaningful way. Ulrich and Hammett, for the first time, seriously considered the possibility that Metallica might be finished. Hetfield eventually returned to the band following his rehab hiatus. Slowly and cautiously Metallica continued as a 3-piece throughout the writing and recording of their next album. Longtime producer Bob Rock handled bass duties for the sessions.

Metallica held auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement in early 2003. Robert Trujillo formerly of Suicidal Tendencies, and Ozzy Osbourne's band, was chosen as the new bassist. Robert's resume also included Infectious Grooves as well as a stint with Black Label Society on their Boozed, Broozed, and Broken-Boned DVD. As Metallica moved on, Jason Newsted also found a new musical home joining Canadian thrash metal legends Voivod in 2002. In an interesting turn of events, Jason became Robert's replacement in Ozzy's band during the 2003 Ozzfest tour (which included Voivod as part of the touring bill).

St. Anger (2003-2004)

In June 2003, Metallica released their eighth full-length studio album, St. Anger. The album debuted at number one on the album charts, as an intentionally raw and unpolished album. Harsh criticism from fans followed, however, for the record's under-produced sound (notably Hetfield's "flexible" sense of pitch), Ulrich's new signature steel snare drum, overwrought songs, and no guitar solos whatsoever (a rarity for Metallica). Despite the criticism, Metallica won a Grammy in 2004 for St. Anger, the band's seventh such award. The documentary Some Kind of Monster followed the album and offered an inside view into the daily affairs of Metallica as never before. While the film focused on the growing tensions within the band, it fulfilled its original purpose of helping to promote the album. The film also exposed to fans that Metallica had sought the guidance of a therapist, Phil Towle, to deal with a vast amount of the band's inner turmoil.

Having toured extensively for two years with Godsmack in support of St. Anger on first the brief Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003 in festivals and then the lengthy Madly in Anger with the World tour (in which nearly every performance was professionally recorded and sold on LiveMetallica.com) Metallica took a break from performing and spent most of 2005 amongst their friends and families.

Escape From the Studio '06 Tour and The New Album (2005-Present)

On February 16, 2006, Metallica announced on their official website, that after their 15+ year relationship, longtime producer Bob Rock has stepped down from recording Metallica's next studio album. Rock had produced every Metallica album since 1991, beginning with Metallica. His place will be taken by legendary producer Rick Rubin ^[9] who has collaborated with artists such as Beastie Boys, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Weezer, Audioslave, Slipknot, System of a Down, Johnny Cash, LL Cool J, Jay-Z and Slayer. They are currently working on a brand-new, full-length studio album which is expected to be released sometime in 2007 - Metallica has not specified an exact release date yet.

Metallica debuted an untitled song nicknamed "The New Song" in Berlin, Germany on June 6th, 2006 on the European leg of the Escape from the Studio '06 mini tour. On August 12th, 2006, Metallica debuted another song in Tokyo, Japan on the Asian leg of the tour, nicknamed "The Other New Song"(which are available to view on youtube.com). The band has previously unveiled new songs prior to their release: Four songs from Ride the Lightning ("Fight Fire with Fire", "Ride The Lightning", "Creeping Death", and "The Call of Ktulu") were performed before the release of the album; Master of Puppets' "Disposable Heroes" was debuted in September of 1985; ...And Justice for All's "Harvester of Sorrow" received its live debut in 1987, Load's "2x4" was played during the Escape from the Studio '95 mini-tour; and Reload's "Fuel", "Devil's Dance" and "Bad Seed" were played at various points during the Load tour 1996-97 and again on the Escape from the Studio '06 mini-tour in August 1997 ("The Memory Remains" was teased at the same shows).

It was during this time on tour that the band finally bowing to fan pressure decided to make their entire back catalogue ( Kill 'Em All - Some Kind Of Monster EP) available for download through the iTunes Store. They had offered their albums for sale from various sources online for some time, but this offered people the chance to download individual tracks from their history. Their first 4 albums were generally shorter in length than their later ones, so they added exclusive tracks from the Seattle '89 shows to each one, thus encouraging old fans to download these new digital versions. At this time the band's back catalogue is only available through iTunes in the US and Canada, due to record companies in the rest of the world not agreeing to the service.

Other appearances

• James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich contributed their voices to the Disney cartoon "Dave the Barbarian" in an episode titled "Here There Be Dragons", which aired February 27, 2004.
• On September 20, 2005, Metallica went to the studio to record their voice parts for their appearance in an episode of The Simpsons. The episode was named The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer and it was the first of Season 18, being aired in the United States on September 10, 2006. In the scene, Otto Mann passes Metallica as they stand by their broken-down bus. He offers to give them a ride, but Bart drives off with his bus. Metallica ends up getting a ride from Hans Moleman (who slept with Lars's grandmother), and they drive off as Metallica starts playing "Master Of Puppets".
• James Hetfield and Kirk Hammett have recorded guest voices for Adult Swim's new show "Metalocalypse"^[10].
• Metallica played two shows with The Rolling Stones in their hometown of San Francisco on November 13, 2005 and November 15, 2005. Metallica opened both nights and the concert was held at SBC Park.
• Metallica played their first shows on the African continent March 18-25, 2006, at the Coca-Cola Co-lab Massive Mix in South Africa. The band was billed alongside such artists as Collective Soul, Seether, Simple Plan, and Fatboy Slim.
• The band made an appearance in the independent film The Darwin Awards, starring Joseph Fiennes, Winona Ryder, David Arquette, Julianna Margulies, Tim Blake Nelson, Juliette Lewis, the late Chris Penn, and others. Metallica also played at a private party for the premiere of The Darwin Awards at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2006.
• On March 13, 2006 Metallica inducted Black Sabbath into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as well as playing some of the legendary band's songs ("Iron Man" and "Hole in the Sky"). The ceremony was aired on VH1, March 21, 2006.
• Throughout the entire Escape From the Studio '06 tour Metallica has performed the album Master of Puppets in its entirety to celebrate the album's twentieth anniversary of release. During these performances the song Orion was dedicated to Cliff Burton. These concerts are the only times that Burton's Orion has been performed fully. The band has performed abbreviated versions of the song on many occasions, most notably as part of the bass solo during the Nowhere else to Roam world tour from 1991-1993, and in November 2005 during a pair of dates opening for The Rolling Stones.

Line-ups

Notes:

• (1) - This line-up had no studio recordings, but wrote various tracks and contributions which subsequently appeared on Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning. The writing of this lineup is scattered throughout Metallica's early works. Dave Mustaine wrote many of the lead guitar parts in several songs on Kill 'Em All, which Hammett later expanded upon.
• (2) - Bob Rock wasn't a permanent replacement for Newsted, only filling in on the bass tracks while being the producer of the album.

Temporary live members

• "Damien Philips" (Jeff Warner) - Second guitarist for one gig in 1982 when James only sang due to breaking a bone while riding a skateboard.
• John Marshall (Kirk Hammett's guitar technician, who also played for Metal Church) - Second guitarist for gigs whilst James was recovering from injuries (1986, broken wrist from skateboarding accident; 1992 burns from pyrotechnics suffered at Montreal's Olympic Stadium) when James only sang.
• James injured his back while water-skiing prior to a show on July 7, 2000 at the Georgia Dome stadium in Atlanta. Korn, Kid Rock and System of a Down helped out.
• Temporary drummers (when Lars Ulrich was unable to perform at the Download Festival on June 6, 2004): Dave Lombardo of Slayer, Joey Jordison of Slipknot, and Flemming Larsen (Ulrich's drum technician).

Discography

Main article: Metallica discography

Audio

• Download sample of "Seek & Destroy" from Kill 'Em All
• Download sample of "Fade to Black" from Ride the Lightning
• Download sample of "Master Of Puppets" from Master of Puppets
• Download sample of "One" from ...And Justice for All
• Download sample of "Enter Sandman" from Metallica
• Download sample of "Nothing Else Matters" from Metallica

Awards

Metallica has won seven Grammy Awards:

• 1990: Best Metal Performance - "One"
• 1991: Best Metal Performance - "Stone Cold Crazy"
• 1992: Best Metal Performance With Vocal - Metallica
• 1999: Best Metal Performance - "Better than You"
• 2000: Best Hard Rock Performance - "Whiskey in the Jar"
• 2001: Best Rock Instrumental Performance - "The Call of Ktulu" with Michael Kamen and the San Francisco Symphony
• 2004: Best Metal Performance - "St. Anger"

MTV Video Music Awards:

• 1992: Best Metal Video - "Enter Sandman"
• 1996: Best Metal Video - "Until it Sleeps"

American Music Awards:

• 1996: Favorite Artist: Heavy Metal/Hard Rock: Metallica - Re-Load
• 1996: Favorite Metal/Hard Rock Song - "Until it Sleeps"

Bammies:

• 1997: Outstanding Drummer: Lars Ulrich
• 1997: Outstanding Hard Rock Album: Re-Load

Billboard Music Awards:

• 1997: Billboard Rock and Roll Artist of the Year: Metallica (RIAA Diamond Award)
• 1999: Catalog Artist of the Year: Metallica
• 1999: Catalog Album of the Year: Metallica (The Black Album)

Governor's Award:

• 2004: Governor's Award - Metallica

Kerrang! awards:

• 2003: Hall of Fame

Other info

Trivia

• "Motorbreath" was partially used in Any Given Sunday.
• "Motorbreath" was used in the soundtrack to the video game MTX: Mototrax.
• They are one of the very few world-recognized bands to have never officially released any sort of greatest hits collection at all.
• Ennio Morricone is the composer of the piece "The Ecstasy of Gold" which Metallica used as an intro to all its live shows from late 1983 to 1995, and again from mid-1998 to the present day. The song is from the Sergio Leone movie, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. It was performed in its own right on S&M - San Francisco Symphony Orchestra & Metallica.
• Bay Area Metallibangers are Metallica fans from the Bay Area, California. The term was originated by the band, and the Bay Area Metallibangers were thanked in the liner notes in the albums Kill 'Em All, Ride the Lightning, and Master of Puppets.
• The cartoon character Beavis (from Beavis and Butt-Head) wears a shirt with the Metallica logo on it; Butt-Head wears a shirt with an AC/DC logo. Metallica videos were featured several times on the show. When Butt-Head criticized the band and the videos, Beavis went ballistic and said he would kick Butt-Head's ass if he insulted Metallica again. Metallica was incidentally one of the few bands the show did not completely roast with Beavis proclaiming that Metallica ruled.
• Metallica will become eligible for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008, as it will have been 25 years since their debut album, "Kill 'Em All" (1983), was released.
• Some notable people who nearly joined Metallica during the course of their career: John Bush of Anthrax and Armored Saint was suggested by Hetfield as a possible lead singer in the band's early days but declined the offer. Mike Inez (Alice in Chains, Ozzy Osbourne) and Les Claypool of Primus auditioned to replace Cliff Burton in 1986. Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity), Danny Lohner (ex live bassist for Nine Inch Nails), Scott Reeder (Kyuss), Jeordie White (ex Marilyn Manson), Chris Wyse (The Cult) and Eric Avery (ex Janes Addiction) all auditioned to replace Jason Newsted in 2003
• Metallica is listed at #5 on VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock"^[11].
• In 2003 an enhanced video on the St Anger album showed that a Metallica video game was in the works. However, later in 2005 this was cancelled.
• Metallica originally wanted to title their debut album Metal Up Yer Ass. The name was rejected by their record label because it was thought that this language would reduce playing rates due to censoring; hence, Kill 'em All refers to record labels in particular.
• "Metallicats" is a name given to fans of the band. It has also been used to refer to members of the band (for example, on the inside cover of the Garage, Inc. album.)
• Metallica's early works include references to the writings of horror/sci-fi author H.P. Lovecraft. The song "The Call of Ktulu" alludes to the name of the Lovecraft tale "The Call of Cthulhu," and the lyrics to the song "The Thing That Should Not Be" quotes from "The Shadow Over Innsmouth," a story by the same author.
• The large blue creature seen in the third panel of Hieronymus Bosch's "Garden of Earthly Delights" can briefly be seen in Metallica's music video for "Until it Sleeps."
• Recently, Kirk Hammett played with Tool in a show during the song Sober and described on Metallica's official web site this event as "one of the most profound jamming experiences I have ever encountered."
• "Weird Al" Yankovic makes reference to Metallica's Napster controversy in his song "Don't Download This Song" from his 2006 album, Straight Outta Lynwood: "Don't download this song... even Lars Ulrich knows it's wrong...". Weird Al also does a polka rendition of the Metallica song "Enter Sandman" in his 1992 polka medley "Polka Your Eyes Out".
• During the recording of Kill 'Em All in New York, the band stayed in a house called 'The Music Building' (They were forced to move out of John Zazula's house, owner of their label Megaforce Records, because their constant party antics upset their host once too often), the conditions of the room they were staying in were awful. Metallica shared the rehearsal room in the building with Anthrax, who soon struck up a firm friendship with the band. Scott Ian and his band-mates used to help out the skint Metallica wherever possible.^[12] Later, Anthrax sampled Master of Puppets on their 1987 song 'I'm The Man', as well as the "yeah" from the beginning of The Beastie Boys' song Fight For Your Right.
• Phil Towle, the psychotherapist-turned-performance-enhancement-coach, that counselled Metallica (seen in their film Some Kind Of Monster) was also called into help another client of Q-Prime managment: Rage Against The Machine, as well as Stone Temple Pilots.^[13]

Appearances

• The songs "Fuel" and "One" are often played at the San Jose Giant's games
• The song "Fuel" was used as the entrance song in the game Test Drive Off Road: Wide Open
• The Virginia Tech Hokies college football team plays the intro of "Enter Sandman" before every football game. During the intro, Hokie fans (66,000+) jump up and down until the team takes the field. Both New York baseball team's closers, the Yankees' Mariano Rivera and the Mets' Billy Wagner, also use the song as their entrance music.
• "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)", "Orion", and "The Call of Ktulu" are prominently featured in the documentary film Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills, marking the first signifcant use of their music in feature films. The follow up film Paradise Lost 2: Revelations also uses the song "Fixxxer".
• Their song "St. Anger" was the official theme song of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)'s SummerSlam pay-per-view event in August 2003.
• Their song "Seek & Destroy" was also the Pro Wrestler Sting's Theme song in the late days of World Championship Wrestling WCW
• "Seek & Destroy" is also featured on the PlayStation game WCW Backstage Assault as Sting's Theme Song.
• The song "Enter Sandman" (remade by the British metal band Motörhead) was used as entrance music for Extreme Championship Wrestling's 'Sandman'. When Sandman came to WWE's version of ECW in 2006 he stopped using the theme music.
• Metallica's cover of "The Wait" is featured in the movie School of Rock.
• "Motorbreath" is featured in the movie Any Given Sunday.
• "Fight Fire With Fire" is featured in the movie American Movie.
• "Master of Puppets" is featured in the movie Old School.
• Hot Wheels Turbo Racing, a game for the PlayStation, uses "Fuel" for the opening track.
• The Kid Rock song "American Bad Ass" samples "Sad But True."
• The video game Tony Hawk's Underground 2 features Metallica's "Whiplash" - a song from their first album Kill 'Em All.
• Financial commentator Jim Cramer uses part of "Fuel" as the intro to his radio show and podcast.
• The talk show The Savage Nation features Metallica tracks in the introduction, and as bumper music.
• NBC and TNT used "Fuel for the Fire" as its main theme for NASCAR coverage from 2001 until 2003.
• Metallica have had a number of songs covered by a Finnish classical trio called Apocalyptica playing cellos. Their first album, entitled simply Plays Metallica by Four Cellos, covered "Enter Sandman", "Master Of Puppets", "Harvester Of Sorrow", "The Unforgiven", "Sad But True", "Creeping Death", "Wherever I May Roam", and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)". Their versions of "Enter Sandman," "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)," and "Wherever I May Roam" appeared on the soundtrack to the 1998 Ben Stiller film "Your Friends and Neighbors." The band has also covered "Fade To Black", "One", "For Whom The Bell Tolls" and "Nothing Else Matters", as well as other covers on their Inquisition Symphony album. Other Metallica songs covered by the quartet include "My Friend Of Misery", "Fight Fire With Fire", and "Until It Sleeps". They sometimes play "Seek & Destroy" live.
• Radio talk show host Tom Leykis uses "Enter Sandman" as his show's intro music.
• Professional hockey arenas, especially HP Pavilion of the San Jose Sharks, frequently play Metallica songs during intermissions.
• The Kansas Jayhawks football team plays "Enter Sandman" during player introductions.
• On numerous occasions when the Chicago White Sox are at home, Metallica's "Harvester Of Sorrow" is played as first baseman Paul Konerko comes up to bat.
• Metallica appeared on The Simpsons on its season premiere on September 10, 2006 and partially played "Master of Puppets."
• On Adult Swim show, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, in the episode 'Interfection', Master Shake is trying to tell Meatwad about a conspiracy about teeth. He's goes onto an internet search engine and searches for "teeth and plaque conspiracy...and Metallica"
• In the episode "The Lip Reader" of the show Seinfeld, Elaine buys her driver tickets to a Metallica concert to apologize for pretending to be deaf.
• The songs "Sad But True" and "Where ever I May Roam" appeared in the theatrical trailer for the movie "Army Of Darkness".
• NHL team The Calgary Flames use the song "Fuel" at the start of all their home games.
• "King Nothing", "The Memory Remains", and "The Small Hours" are featured in three episodes of The Sopranos.
• The German punk band "Die Ärzte" used a part of "Master of Puppets" in their song "FaFaFa".
• Radio duo Chase Kenderes and Dave Novak ("The Disposable Heroes") use Metallica's song "Disposable Heroes" in the intro to their show.

Name usage

• Victoria's Secret was sued in 1999 for selling a lip liner bearing the name 'Metallica'^[14].
• Guerlain was sued in 2000, in a similar case, for selling a perfume line named 'Metallica' ^[14].
• Metallica Resources is a Canadian-based mining company.
• In the Japanese comics/animation series Bastard!!, the kingdom that the main characters operate out of is named Metallicana in the original Japanese, in homage to one of the creator's favorite bands.
• In the popular MTV animation series Beavis and Butt-Head, Beavis almost always appears wearing a blue Metallica T-shirt (the name is changed to "DEATH ROCK" in other media; in the first "official" episode of beavis and butt-head, Blood Drive, he is seen wearing a Slayer T-shirt).
• In the Playstation videogame Project: Horned Owl, the villans in the game where named "Metallica"

References

See also

• Escape from the Studio '06
• Damaged Justice
• List of rock instrumentals
• Napster
• So What!

External links

• Metallica.com - The Official Metallica Website
• MetClub.com - The Official Fan Club's Website
• LiveMetallica.com - Official Website for sale of live recordings of Metallica's performances dating back to 2004
• Metallica On AOL Music
• Napster Users, Metallica Has Your Name - May 2000 MP3 Newswire article on Metallica's Napster controversy.
• Editorial: Facing the Music
• Metallica at MusicBrainz
• Myspace Page