celtic knot

Celtic knots are a variety of (mostly endless) knots and stylized graphical representations of knots used for decoration, first known to have been used by the Celts. Though Celtic knots were being created in pre-Christian times, these knots are most known for their use in the ornamentation of Christian monuments and manuscripts like the 8th century Book of Kells.

History

Not much history of the knots is available before the beginning of the Christian influence on the Celts in about A.D. 450. There is much evidence for the use of geometric patterns as ornamentation particularly in jewelry before that time. Some historians have theorized that early Celtic religion prevented their depicting creatures realistically, similar, then, to the Islamic prohibition, which gave rise to the development of Islamic calligraphy. Still, Chinese and Japanese calligraphy seemed to arise simply from an aesthetic sense and needed no such prohibition to encourage its development.

The same pre-Christian designs found their way into early Christian manuscripts and artwork with the addition of depictions from life, such as animals, plants and even humans. In the beginning the patterns were intricately interwoven cords, called plaits, which can also be found in other areas of Europe, like Italy in 6th century. A fragment of a Gospel Book, now in the Durham Cathedral library and created in northern Britain in the 7th century, contains the earliest example of true knotted designs in the Celtic manner.

It should be noted that some scholars believe the forms known as Celtic knots may actually be Norse in origin. This theory draws support from the well-accepted idea that the Celts readily adapted ideas from cultures which conquered them or otherwise intermingled.

Significance

While analysis of the knots seem to point to eight basic types, there is no evidence to indicate that a knot had any specific philosophical or religious significance beyond perhaps the most obvious, that being the intricacy capable in the work of humans, itself reflective of the intricacy of natural forms. Some Wiccans have taken up the creation of celtic knots, attributing to them ideas and magical properties that may not have been there originally.

While the ancient Celts felt no need to attribute meaning to their designs, there is nothing to prevent the modern viewer from assigning significance. It might even be argued that, from a Jungian view of the collective unconscious, the meaning was always there but hidden during the act of creation and revealed in their contemplation.

As to their magical properties, it might be argued that creating knots is a type of meditation, where the conscious mind is actively engaged with precise, repetitive tasks to the extent that it no longer censors images from the unconscious. A similar set of conditions can be found in the recitation of a mantra, the creation of a Buddhist sand mandala or praying the rosary, with the same kind of results.

Many items decorated with knotwork have been found in archaelogical sites. Items such as torcs, bowls and cups are adorned with intricate patterns by ancient smiths.

See also

• Khachkars - Armenian knotwork

External links

• Celtic Knotwork: the Ultimate Tutorial A Look at the Construction and Mathematics of Celtic Knots
• Draw Your Own Celtic Knotwork Comprehensive list of links to both knotwork tutorials and a knotwork bibliography.
• Celtic Interlace; An Overview by Stephen Walker, reproduced with permission from Dalriada Magazine, 2000.
• The history of Celtic knots A humorous account.
• The history and meaning of celtic knots Their use in tattoos.
• History of Celtic Jewellery - Excellent history of Irish jewellery and knotwork by master goldsmith.